COMMISSION
INTERNATIONALE DE L'ECLAIRAGE
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION
INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION
DIVISION 2: PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT AND
RADIATION
ACTIVITY REPORT
August 1998
Division 2 Physical Measurement of Light
and Radiation
Director:
Dr.F.
Hengstberger
Associate directors: Ms. T. M. Goodman
Mr.
N. Johnson
Mr.
G. Vandermeersch
Editor
Mr.
J. Moore
Secretary
Dr. Y.
Ohno
Division 2 currently has 34 country members as
below.
Argentina L. A. Cogno
Austria M. Matus
Australia J. Gardner
Belgium G. Vandermeersch
Brazil G.
Moscati
Bulgaria V. Konstantinova
China G. Ye
Croatia M. Zeljko
Canada J. Zwinkels
Denmark L. Larsen
Finland T. Timonen
France J.
Bastie
Germany G. Sauter
Great Britain T. Goodman
Hong Kong H. W. Lai
Hungary G. Dézsi
India B.
Bhattacharya
Italy M. L.
Rastello
Japan M. Nishi
Netherlands A. J. Bouman
New Zealand J. F. Clare
Norway B. Brekke
Poland J
.Pietrzykowski
Romania F. Ionescu
Russia V. Ignatyev
Slovak Republic J. Krempasky
Slovenia S. Erste
South Africa F. Hengstberger
Spain A.
Corrons
Sweden A. Ottosson
Switzerland P. Blaser
Thailand U. Chanchanchop
Turkey L.
Öztürk
USA N.
Johnson
Underlines indicate that the country representatives changed
since the last report.
The 1997 CIE Division 2 meeting took place on May 19, 1998, at
NIST, Boulder, Colorado, USA. In conjunction with this Division 2
meeting, the following TCs met on May 18, 1998 at NIST Boulder.
Minutes of these TC meetings are to be distributed to TC members
by the TC chairpersons. Brief reports on these TCs are included in
the Division 2 Meeting minutes below.
TC2-16 Characterization of the performance of tristimulus
colorimeters (Soardo substituted Rastello)
TC2-29 Measurement of detector linearity (Goodman)
TC2-32 Measuring Retroreflectance of wet horizontal road
markings (Hodson)
TC2-36 Retroreflection: definition and measurement
(Rennilson)
TC2-37 Photometry using detectors as transfer standards
(Ohno)
TC2-39 Geometric tolerances for colorimetry (Rich)
TC2-43 Determination of measurement uncertainties in
photometry (Sauter)
TC2-40 Characterizing the Performance of Illuminance and
Luminance Meter (Rattunde)
TC2-25 Calibration methods and photoluminescent standard for
total radiance factor meas. (Zwinkels)
The minutes of the Division 2 meeting are given in the
following pages. The abbreviations as below are used.
AD: Associate Director
Brep. Board of Administration Report
CIECB: CIE Central Bureau
CIEBA: CIE Board of Administration
CM: Country member
D2: Division 2
ML: Member List
NC: National Committee
TC: Technical Committee
TR: Terms of Reference
ST: Status
Minutes of CIE Division 2
Meeting
Tuesday, May 19, 1998
Boulder, USA
Attendance:
John B. Arens (USA)
Richard Austin (USA)
Elyas Balta (USA)
Jean Bastie (France)
Anton J. Bouman (Netherlands)
David Burns (USA)
Theodore Cannon (USA)
Antonio Corrons (Spain)
Dennis Couzin (USA)
Ronald Daubach (USA)
Gyula Dezsi (Hungary)
Edward Early (USA)
David Ellis (USA)
George Eppeldauer (USA)
Arnold Gaertner (Canada)
Jim Gardner (Australia)
Teresa M. Goodman (UK, D2 AD)
Franz Hengstberger (S. Africa, D2 Dir)
Neil A. Hodson (USA)
Jack J. Hsia (USA, CIE President)
Norbert Johnson (USA, D2 AD)
Carolyn Jones (USA)
Rainer Köhler (BIPM, France)
Alan Kravetz (USA)
Lars L. Larsen (Denmark)
Calvin S. McCamy (USA)
Kathleen Muray (USA)
Yoshi Ohno (USA, D2 Secretary)
Leyla D. Öztürk (Turkey)
Albert C. Parr (USA)
James M. Palmer (USA)
Jerzy Pietrzykowski (Poland)
Reiner Rattunde (Germany)
Justin Rennilson (USA)
Robert D. Saunders (USA)
Georg Sauter (Germany)
John Scarangello (USA)
Frederick T. Simmon (USA)
Paolo Soardo (Italy)
Heinz Terstiege (Germany)
Pierce Webb (USA)
William Weber (USA)
Klaus Witt (Germany)
Philip F. Wychorski (USA)
Gan Xu (Singapore)
Richard Young (USA)
Joanne C. Zwinkels (Canada)
Total 47 persons including 13 country representatives
(indicated by underlines).
Regrets received by
Secretary
B. Bhatacharya (India)
P. Blaser (Switzerland)
P. Bhagat (USA)
J. Clare ( New Zealand)
G. Czibula (Germany)
K. Ganesha (India)
A. Hanson (UK),
C. Hermann (CIECB)
I. Lewin (USA)
J. Moore (UK)
M. Nishi (Japan)
A. Ottoson (Sweden)
P. Polato (Italy)
M. Racz (Hungary)
L. Rastello (Italy)
A. Robertson (Canada)
J. Schanda (Hungary)
B. Theron (South Africa),
J. Verrill (UK)
J. Walker (USA)
P. Walraven (Netherlands)
G. Ye (China)
Underlines indicate country representatives.
1. Call to order
The Division Director, F. Hengstberger, opened the meeting,
and welcomed all present. He thanked the Council for Optical
Radiation Measurements (CORM) for inviting this Division 2 meeting
as a joint event, and thanked NIST Boulder that offered the venue
for the meeting. He asked all present to introduce
themselves.
2. Approval of agenda
The circulated agenda of this meeting was approved by an
addition of "0. Opening".
The Director asked the attendees the impression of the last
D2/D4 joint meeting in Durban. Rennilson mentioned that it was
very worth while and made a good progress on the cooperation
between the two divisions on some overlapped issues. Terstiege
supported it. Div.2 will plan more joint meetings with other
Divisions (1, 4, and 6) in the future.
3. Approval of 1997 Division 2 meeting
minutes
The circulated minutes of 1997 Division 2 Meeting in Durban
were approved with no change.
4. Secretary's report (Y.
Ohno)
(1) Div. 2 now has 34 country members, the same as last year.
Hong Kong became a part of China, but we still have its country
member because CIE considers it as a "geographical area" which is
defined in the CIE Statutes and it can be treated as a country.
There were changes of three country members since last
meeting:
Argentina: J. A. Cogno replaced R. D.
Rozano.
Hong Kong: H. W. Lai replaced T. M.
Chung.
New Zealand: J. Clare replaced M. G.
White.
Netherlands: A. Bouman. replaced J. M. M.
Claassens
(2) The 1997 Activity Report, which included the minutes of
the 1997 D2 meeting, was prepared and distributed in December
1997. This was distributed by mail also. The Call for Nomination
of DD was distributed to all CM by mail also. 15 circulars in
total were distributed by e-mail and fax. All the circulars,
except small follow-up e-mails, are published also on the CIE D2
Website.
(3) The D2 mailing list now contains 98 persons, that includes
34 country members and 23 TC chair persons. Among them, 81 have
e-mail addresses (82 %), a rapid progress from 64 % at the last
meeting in Sep. 97. 9 persons are accessed by fax, 8 by mail. The
Secretary are using e-mail and the website as a main communication
means. Those who still do not have e-mail addresses are strongly
recommended to get one. Documents are often sent as e-mail
attachments. Now, MS Word file (doc) is used, but PDF file (more
platform-independent) will also be used. CIE CB plans to use PDF
for electronic balloting. Suggestions and/or information on any
problems in e-mail circulars are welcome to the Secretary.
(4) The D2 website, established in March 1997, was
reconstructed in January 1998, to include much more information.
We had Division Secretaries meeting in October 1997 at CIECB
regarding division websites, and it was agreed that Division 2
website is recommended as a model for other divisions. Div. 1, 3
and 6 are now developing their websites. In the D2 website, we
have pages for each Technical Committee. All the TC chairpersons
are encouraged to send to the Secretary any materials to be
published in this TC page. Any other ideas how to use our website
are welcome.
(5) CIE Workshop and Symposium - Standard methods for
specifying and measuring LEDs &endash; was held on Oct.22-25,
1997, at CIECB, Vienna. This meeting was organized by CIECB and
Division 2, and attended by about 50 participants. There were a
two-day tutorial session and a two-day workshop session.
Hengstberger, Moore, Sauter, Ohno, Muray, Sliney, and Schanda were
the lecturers of the tutorial. During the workshop session, the
new publication on LED measurements (from TC2-34) was introduced
and discussed by the participants. The key part of the document is
the definition of the Averaged LED Intensity (in A and B
geometries), which should bring uniformity in the intensity
measurements. The discussion identified some improvements to be
made particularly on the luminous (and radiant) flux measurements.
The LED document was published as CIE Pub. 127, and the
proceedings of this meeting was published as CIE x013-1997.
(6) CIE Expert Symposium on Color Standards and Imaging
Technology, was held on Nov. 21-22, 1997 in Scottsdale, USA, in
conjunction with IS&T Color Imaging Conference, Nov. 17-20.
This meeting was organized by CIE Div. 1 and the CIECB, and
chaired by A. Robertson. Talks from Div. 2 included Berns (former
TC2-26 chair), Hanson (TC2-42 chair), Ohno (D2 Secretary), and
Rich (TC2-39 chair). Schanda also attended representing CIECB.
There were representatives from many committees in different
organizations and groups (ISO, IEC, JTC1, ITU, etc.), and overlaps
and chaotic situation between organizations were addressed. The
discussion at the end of this Symposium lead to a proposal for CIE
to create a new Division to take a leadership in the
standardization in imaging technology area. Abstracts of talks at
this Symposium are available in the Proc. 5th IS&T Color
Imaging Conference. (The issue on the new CIE Division proposal is
also reported in Section 11. General.)
5. Editor's report
A written report from the Editor was read by the Secretary as
below.
No new material has been received by the Editor since the
Division meeting in Durban in September last year.
(1) TC 2-22 Luminous Flux of HP Sodium Lamps
Documentary material obtained from the former TC Chairman was
handed to the Editor at the Durban meeting with a request that he
should compile from it a report on the conclusions of the
intercomparison. The report will appear in the next appropriate
CIE Collection which is likely to be published towards the end of
1998.
(2) TC 2-34 Measurement of LEDs
Publication CIE 127-1997, Measurement of LEDs, has now been
published. It was launched by a four day Tutorial Workshop and
Symposium on LEDs which took place at the CIE Central Bureau in
October last year.
Although they appeared in the Editor's Report last year, work
on the Technical Reports prepared by TC 2-14, TC 2-33 and TC 2-35
has still to be completed. Details will be given in the reports of
the individual TCs.
6. Progress report of Technical
Committees
6.1 Technical Committees
Progress reports on the technical committees were given by
Associate Directors, Goodman and Johnson, and by Director,
Hengstberger for AD Vandermeersch.
TR: Produce a technical report on the selection and
operation of stable secondary standard sources.
ST: The greater part of the report has been completed
for some time. Objections were made in Durban relating to planned
photographs and illustrations, which might be able to be
identified. Increasing the number of different types of lamps
illustrated may solve this. Chairman plans to circulate for TC
ballot at the end of June.
TC2-14 Measurement of Reflectance and Transmittance,
Including Turbid Media
TR: Define the standard geometric conditions for the
measurement of transmittance and reflectance.
ST: The document "Practical methods for the measurement
of reflectance and transmittance" went through TC ballot. The
document is now going to be sent for Board and Division ballot.
CIECB is proposing to do electronic balloting using PDF file at an
FTP site. Divi.2 supported this idea with no objection. Suggestion
was made to include instructions how to download Acrobat reader
(from Adobe website). A possibility of turning this document into
CIE standard should be considered in the future. (Brep9807- The
Division ballot is in progress. The BA ballot will follow.)
TC2-16 Characterization of the performance of tristimulus
colorimeters
Chair: M. L. Rastello (Italy)
AD:
Goodman
ML: Denner (South Africa), Goodman (Great Britain),
Hengstberger (South Africa), Moore (Great Britain), Muray (USA),
Ohno (USA), Rattunde (Germany), Robertson (Canada), Sauter
(Germany), Schanda (Hungary), Steindl (Austria), Terstiege
(Germany)
TR: To produce a report recommending methods for
assessing the performance of tristimulus colorimeter heads for
measuring chromaticity coordinates.
ST: Report given by P. Soardo who held a TC meeting for
Rastello on May 18th in Boulder with about 30 participants. The
fourth draft (changes marked on the third draft) was distributed
and discussed. Suggested changes will be compiled by the
chairperson to make the fifth draft, which will be distributed
before Warsaw Session when the next TC meeting is planned.
TC2-17 Recommendation for integrated irradiance and
spectral distribution of simulated solar radiation
TR: Revise and update CIE Publication No.20 (1972)
ST: The draft document 'Solar simulators for testing
purposes' was circulated to all D2 members for comments following
the Durban meeting, to ensure a wide range of applications was
considered. This has generated some response and the chairman is
now preparing a revised draft.
TC2-19 Measurement of the Spectral Coefficient of
Retroreflection
TR: Identify the critical measurement parameters, tolerances,
and requirements for, and conduct an international intercomparison
of, the spectral coefficient of retroreflection.
ST: The TC document is mostly finished. Some data are to be
included in the document. The chairman plans to send the final
draft for TC voting by Warsaw Session. Further TC meetings are not
planned.
TC2-23 Photometry of Street-Lighting Luminaires
Chair: G. Vandermeersch (Belgium)
AD:
Vandermeersch
TR: Prepare a user's guide for the selection and use of
illuminance and luminance meters.
ST: A letter from the chairman was received by
Secretary prior to the meeting. The chairman reports as follows.
He has not been receiving any responses, from the members of the
TC, on the draft outline circulated in April, 1997. He presumes
that the current TC members do not appreciate urgent need for the
guidelines of the draft. The chairman has prepared the third draft
outline but needs some data to be collected from the users at
large. He has prepared a questionnaire for wide circulation. He is
mailing these along with a brief note on the need for the
guidelines, a copy of a paper presented by him in the ISLE
Symposium in New Delhi in Jan. 1997, with additions by 10th June,
98. An advance copies of these papers will be sent by May 30th.
The program will go now with a strict time schedule requesting
every member to respond within a given date. Depending on the
response received by 15th of July, the TC will be formalized and
further communications sent. The chairman hopes to complete this
work by Warsaw Session.
TC2-25 Calibration Methods and Photoluminescent Standard
for Total Radiance Factor Measurement
TR: Prepare a CIE report on methods for measurement of
total radiance factors of photoluminescent materials.
Recommendations for realizing and calibrating photoluminescent
standards by the one and two-monochromator method will be
included.
ST: The TC met on 18 May in Boulder. The 7th draft,
distributed in Feb. 98, was discussed. The document is essentially
complete. Outstanding action items are: inclusion of figures,
editorial changes, expansion of Appendices in Section 3.2 on Two
Monochromator Methods, and inclusion of Serial Filter Method in
Section 3.1 on One Monochromator Methods. The next meeting is
planned in conjunction with ISCC and TAGA Annual Meeting, May 5-7,
1999, Vancouver, B.C. The 8th draft of the document should be
ready for TC voting.
TC2-28 Methods of characterizing
spectrophotometers
TR: Write a CIE report on the characterization of
spectrophotometers by means of reference materials and other
methods, with particular reference to linearity, wavelength error,
stray light, and integrating sphere errors.
ST: The third draft was circulated to TC members in
April. The text completed by the chairman and figures and
references have been added. It is expected that there will be one
more draft before voting and then a 5th draft for the vote, which
should be completed before the end of this quadrennium.
TR: Prepare a CIE guide on methods for the
characterization of the linearity of detectors of optical
radiation, including different principles by which the linearity
of detectors can be determined and causes of non-linear behavior,
to aid users of optical radiation detectors in the selection and
use suitable devices for specific applications.
ST: A brief TC meeting was held on 18 May 1998 to
summarize current status and request additional inputs by the end
of June in order for the third draft to be prepared for
circulation in early November. Comments on the third draft will be
requested by the end of the year.
TR: Prepare an annotated bibliography for the CIE
journal on diode array radiometry. Make appropriate
recommendations for future work in diode array radiometry.
ST: The chairman, Wychorski, has resigned due to his
increasing work load. But, he was present at the meeting, and gave
a report. The document is currently the 4th draft, having 78 pages
in 3 sections. None of them is copyrighted. Small part of the
document is not complete. There is also a separate database file
with about 800 entries of references. This data base is
copy-righted, and payment is needed for use. About 1/3 of the
references are in the written document which is not copy-righted.
There was discussions, and Div.2 agreed to publish the document in
the CIE Collection coming up at the end of the year. Whychorski
will work with AD Johnson to publish this document in the
Collection.
(After the D2 meeting, James Palmer (Univ. Arizona, USA)
agreed to take over the chairmanship to finish up the document for
publication. )
TC2-32 Measuring Retroreflectance of Wet Horizontal Road
Markings
TR: To prepare a guide for the methods of measuring
coefficient of retroreflected luminance (specific luminance) of
horizontal road markings under wet weather conditions.
ST: The new chairman, Hodson, has taken over the TC.
The TC met on May 18th in Boulder with 11 participants. The
partial draft document was distributed and discussed. The TC is
looking for new members who have expertise on rain simulation area
and visibility pavement marking. The TC plans to meet again this
year in October in conjunction with the Div. 4 meeting in Bath,
England, hopefully to attract Div.4 people. The TC also plans to
meet in Warsaw in 1999.
TC2-33 Reformulation of CIE Standard Illuminants A and D65
(Revision of CIE/ISO 10526)
TR: To rewrite CIE Standard S001 in terms of
thermodynamic temperatures, and in a manner such that the spectral
distributions of the standard illuminants are preserved, but are
independent of international temperature scales.
ST: The final national committee ballot is complete,
and the document has been published as CIE S 005 "CIE Standard
illuminants for colorimetry". Voting by ISO members for a joint
ISO/CIE Standard is in progress. This document will supersede the
ISO/CIE 10526. This TC is closed.
TC2-34 LED Measurements
Chair: K. Muray
AD:
Goodman
ML: Angerstein (Germany), Bando (Japan), Bym (USA),
Carr (USA), Distl (Germany), Goodman (Great Britain), Heidel
(Germany), Hwang (Taiwan), Jones (USA), Lester (USA), Moore (Great
Britain), Ohno (USA), Rastello (Italy), Sauter (Germany),
Scarangello (USA), Schanda (Austria), Schumacher (Germany),
Sojourner (USA)
TR: To investigate and recommend standard LED
measurement methods including parameters to be measured.
ST: Report given by the chairperson. A CIE Workshop on
LED measurements was held in October 1997, and after the Workshop,
the TC document was published as CIE 127. The new term Averaged
LED Intensity is introduced in the document. More work is to be
done on the total flux measurement and spectral measurement, and a
follow-up TC may be necessary. Jones commended the work by the TC
referring to the usefulness of the CIE 127 in industry. Ohno and
Scalangello commented on the need for further standardization on
LED total flux (forward or partial flux) measurement. Sauter added
that this LED document (luminous intensity part) should be
published as a CIE/ISO standard. In any case, as the document has
been published, this TC is now closed. The follow-up work should
begin under newly proposed TCs (See Section 8).
TR: To prepare a new CIE Standard on the present V(l)
and V'(l) functions.
ST: No report received from the chairman. Sauter
reported as an active member. There was a problem of the document
status interfering with the competence of CCPR. Sauter had a
discussion with the CCPR president, and in January this year, sent
to the chairman suggested changes to the document to solve this
problem. The Secretary added that, according to recent
conversation with the chairman, he is working to revise the
document, once again, to respond to Sauter's comments as well as
many other comments he received from several other members after
editing in 1996 by the Editor. The document will go through
another voting.
TC2-36 Retroreflection: Definition and Measurement
(Revision of CIE Publication 54, Liaison with CEN/226)
AD:
Johnson
TR: To revise and update publication 54. To standardize
test methods and measurement geometry for measuring the
photometric and colorimetric properties of all types of
retroreflectors under both day and nighttime conditions. To
prepare this CIE document in ISO format to be issued as a joint
CIE/ISO standard.
ST: The TC met on May 18 in Boulder, for two hours,
with 6 members and 10 observers. The 8th draft report was
distributed and discussed. The new draft incorporates the comments
for the 7th draft which were previously distributed. A few
sections need improvement, and a further version to be prepared
for discussion in Bath, October 1998, after which, the document is
to be approved by TC. The chairman plans a short meeting in
Warsaw, too. The liaison with CEN is maintained only through the
members of the TC who also serve on CEN committees. There has been
no official liaison function established, and the work of this TC
is not recognized by CEN at the moment. Some official channels of
communication need to be established at the top level of CEN and
CIE.
TC2-37 Photometry Using Detectors as Transfer
Standards
TR: To prepare a report on the properties of
V(l)-corrected detectors that are suitable for disseminating and
maintaining photometric units. This report will include methods
for the use of these detectors.
ST: The TC had a short meeting on May 18 in Boulder
with 38 participants including 13 members. The fifth draft was
distributed and discussed. The new draft was previously
distributed to the members in April. The draft is complete except
for correcting some wording and bringing consistency in usage of a
few terms. The W0 issue will wait for an advice from the CCU. The
chairman plans to send out the sixth draft for the TC ballot
within a few month.
TC2-39 Geometric Tolerances for Colorimetry
Chair: D. Rich (USA)
AD:
Johnson
ML: Baba (Japan), Bittar (New Zealand), Decarreau
(France), Erb (Germany), Fisch (USA), Hanssen (USA), Jordan
(Canada), Johnson (USA), Kravetz (USA), Ladson (USA), Terstiege
(Germany), Pietrzykowski (Poland), Verrill (Great Britain),
Zwinkels (Canada),
TR: Compile a technical report and recommendations
specifying the geometric tolerances for the various geometries in
colorimetry, including 0/45, 0/d and others. Parts of this
technical report may be suitable for inclusion in a CIE standard
specifying several geometric tolerance levels.
ST: The Committee met for the fourth time on May 18th
in Boulder. Four Committee members and six guests were present.
Discussions during the meeting resulted in the following
actions:
1. There was a general agreement that the use of the
terminology "bidirectional" should be reserved for instruments
with nearly parallel rays and multiple angles of illumination or
view. The normal 45/0 instrument has biconical beams and the
committee recommends that the change in notation be communicated
to Michael Pointer, editor of Publication 17.3.
2. Comments from guest C. McCamy indicated that the current
CIE tolerances are tolerancing the wrong information. Based on
publications from the NPL, the tolerances for 45°/0°
will result in maximum color differences of 3.0 CIELAB units.
Tightening the tolerances will result in improvements in the color
differences but tolerancing the uniformity of the illumination and
viewing cones will result in a greater improvement.
3. ASTM standard 1763 recommends the use of a very small
sampling aperture to verify the uniformity of the specimen port.
It was recommended by the committee that the committee report
include recommendations for using a sampling aperture of physical
and angular size (1/20) of the specimen aperture. The committee
will also try to include a recommendation for a material standard
for testing the uniformity of hemispherical geometry.
4. C. McCamy requested that the report make a clear
distinction between the surface reflectance and the specular
reflectance.
During the next few months, the chairman will prepare a draft
of the final report and distribute the draft to committee members
for comment. NIST and 3M have volunteered to supply some
measurement data on standard materials to verify the effect of
tightening the tolerances. The TC plans to meet at Warsaw in
1999.
TC2-40 Characterizing the Performance of Illuminance and
Luminance Meters
TR: Convert the present CIE Technical Report No. 69
into an ISO/IEC standard. Prepare a combined CIE/ISO standard
describing the definitions of quantities influencing the
performance of illuminance and luminance meters, as well as
defining measurement procedures for the individual error
quantities.
ST: Report given by the chairman. The TC had a
successful meeting on May 18th with 35 participants. Discussed the
second draft which was circulated in March. There were active
discussions with many comments from the attendees. The TC added
some new members. The chairman requested the attendees to send
further comments on the draft within a few months. The third draft
will be prepared for discussion at Warsaw Session.
TC2-41 Industrial Photometry in Developing
Countries
TR: To prepare a Technical Report giving guidance on
recommended practices for photometric measurement (including
sphere photometry and goniophotometry), taking account of the
special requirements of industrial laboratories in developing
countries.
ST: No report received from the chairman this time. This TC
was established in 1995. If no progress is made by 1999 D2
meeting, this TC may be closed.
TR: To produce a Technical Report summarizing
recommended practice for the measurement of the colorimetric and
spectroradiometric properties of visual displays.
ST: An outline of the structure of the proposed report
was discussed a the Expert Symposium on Color Standards for
Imaging Technology in Scottsdale in Nov. 1997. The chairman is
also taking care to coordinate the work of this TC with activities
in the IEC.
TC2-43 Determination of measurement uncertainties in
photometry.
TR: To prepare a CIE recommendation as basis for the
determination of measurement uncertainties valid for selected
quantities used in photometry.
ST: The report was given by the chairman. The TC met
for the first time on May 18th in Boulder with about 35
participants. The first draft, distributed in April, was
discussed. The word "selected" was added in the TR to make it more
accurate. There were active discussions on the structure of the
document. There were suggestions for the document to start with a
part with more plain descriptions for photometry practitioners,
followed by the rigorous mathematical procedures as given in the
current draft. Based on the discussions, the next draft will be
prepared for the second meeting in Warsaw. (The minutes of the TC
meeting was distributed by e-mail on June 25, 1998)
TR: To provide liaison between Div.2 and TC 7-06
"Lighting Terminology" and support the preparation of the new
edition of the Lighting Vocabulary in the field of light and
colour measurements.
ST: The report from the chairman was read by Secretary.
Work has only just started in this TC. A letter is being sent to
members asking them to give their views on changes that they would
like to see made to existing definitions in the International
Lighting Vocabulary and on new terms that should be introduced.
The new ILV will certainly incorporate the new definitions agreed
by Division 2 which appear in the CIE Collection on Photometry and
Radiometry, Publication CIE 114-1994. These include precise new
definitions for distribution temperature and ratio temperature as
well as the terminology relating to non-selective detectors. It is
still not clear what central policy TC 7-06 will recommend
concerning the number and scope of the new definitions to be
adopted, but, for the present, I am suggesting that perhaps
Division 2 should follow the policy already adopted by Division 1,
keeping changes to existing definitions to a minimum and limiting
the introduction of new terms to those that are regarded as
essential. The definitions of terminology contained in the various
Division 2 Technical Reports, both those now published and those
still in preparation, will be examined to determine which of the
terms listed are appropriate for inclusion in the ILV.
Follow-up issues
(1) TC2-10 (Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires) was
closed in 1997, but the Director reported that small changes were
made on the published document CIE 121, according to the decision
made at the last D2 meeting. "luminaires" has been changed to
"lamps and luminaires" in the title and abstract.
(2) TC2-22 (Luminous Flux of High-Pressure Sodium Lamps) was
closed in 1997, but documentary material is to be compiled into a
report by the Editor and it is to be published in the next CIE
Collection. The material is at the hand of the Editor.
(3) The Director mentioned that Associate Director,
Vandermeersch, is now involved in European standardizing
activities and is getting too busy for his CIE work, which is
affecting the D2 work on luminaire photometry. It is urgent for
Division to find a good leader in this area. Recommendations are
welcome. Request was made to Rennilson to look into Div.4 and to
Goodman to contact Lou Bedocs in UK.
6.2. Reporters
R2-05 Visual Gloss (J. Taylor, Great Britain)
AD: Goodman
ST: AD reported. The status is still as last year i.e., a TC
is not yet appropriate. Work is underway in several countries on
the measurement of 'appearance' and a watching brief is being kept
to see whether the situation changes. The reporter is to get
information from NIST and ASTM subcommittee on appearance:
E12-14.
R2-06 Standardization of Measuring Geometry for the
Colorimetry of Metallic Coatings (C. McCamy, USA)
AD:
Johnson
ST : McCamy reported. There is continuing work on the
standardization of methods of observing and measuring the colors
of metallic and pearlescent materials, in the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM). The working group assigned that task
has been made Subcommittee E12.12, Metallic and Pearlescent
Colors, of Committee E12, Color and Appearance. Much of the work
has been on refining concepts and terminology. Current work is
directed toward standardization of methods of observing and
measuring the colors of these materials. Multi-angle
spectrophotometry is used internationally for this purpose, most
notably in the automotive industry. McCamy has reported the
development of the concepts, terminology, and methods of
observation and measurement of the colors of these materials in
two publica-tions. The appearance at a distance of a few meters
was treated in "Observa-tion and measurement of the appearance of
metallic materials. Part I. Macro Appearance", Color Res.
Appl.,21, 292-304 (1996). "Part II. Micro Appearance", treating
the appearance at reading distance, has been accepted by the same
journal. The most notable finding reported in this latest paper is
the importance of binocular vision in the perception of the
appearance of metallic materials. These materials may present
different colors and differ-ent patterns of glitter to the two
eyes, giving rise to perceptions of binocular luster and binocular
glitter. The reportership will continue. No need for a TC at this
moment.
R2-09 Absolute Cryogenic Radiometers (A. Parr, USA)
AD: Johnson
ST: Report given by Parr. Many national labs now use cryogenic
radiometers. In the U.S., they are used also by commercial sector
for space applications. There is a need for a guide on utilization
of these devices. The reporter is starting to think about a new
TC. A longer report will be prepared for Warsaw with a proposed TR
and an outline of the document. Köhler supported Parr's
report, referring to the number of the cryogenic radiometers
(total ~30 now) in the world, and mentioned that the TR must be
carefully made to include characterizations of sources and other
instrumentation as well as radiometer itself. The reporter will
circulate further ideas for a new TC in next a few months.
R2-17 Aviation Photometry (Y. Ohno, USA)
AD: Goodman
ML: Bhagat (USA), Hengstberger (South Africa), Verdier
(France)
ST: Ohno reported. The document ARP5029 (Measurement
Procedures for Strobe Anticollision lights) is being published
from SAE (Society for Automotive Engineers). NIST started
providing calibration services for flash photometers, as the
FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)'s regulation came into
effect. During these activities, a need for a CIE document for
photometry of flashing light (no only for anticollision lights but
in general) was confirmed. The existing document CIE105
(Spectroradiometry of pulsed optical radiation
sources&endash;1993) does not address photometry terms and
derivation of photometric quantities for flashing light
measurement. Thus, a new TC should be formed for this subject.
Visual perception issues are also addressed (e.g., the validity of
Blondel & Rey Equation in various conditions and for different
types of sources) by the SAE and aviation community, which should
be brought to Div. 1. The reporter has also established a contact
with ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). This
reporter will be kept for another year to continue discussion with
ICAO on other subjects in aviation photometry.
R2-18 OIML Matters (G. Sauter, Germany)
AD:
Hengstberger
ST: No report this time. Hold this reportership till next
year.
R2-21 Use of detectors as absolute transfer standards for
spectroradiometry (N. Fox, Great Britain)
AD:
Goodman
ST: New techniques are being investigated at NPL and
elsewhere, but are not yet sufficiently well-developed to warrant
establishment of a TC. The situation will continue to be
monitored.
R2-22 Implementation of Photometric Units (R. Köhler,
BIPM) AD: Vandermeersch
ST: Kohler reported. This reporter was established last year
to study the need for a document to guide future implementation of
photometric units for non-V(l) functions. This was proposed by
Moore in Durban, but Div. 2 did not decide to establish a TC then.
The reportership is continued for the time being to watch the
situation, contacting Div. 1 also.
6.3. Liaison report
CCPR (Köhler)
Köhler reported with a short presentation, overviewing
the organization and activities of CCPR (Comité Consultatif
de Photométrie et Radiométrie) and BIPM (Bureau
International des Poids et Mesures), and then introducing the
concept of the CCPR Key Comparisons. The equivalence of national
standards is becoming essential for traceability requirements (to
national labs) made in ISO Guide 25 and other quality systems.
Pressures come from trade agreements such as Transatlantic
Agenda/MRA and EC-US Agreement on Trade. Reduction of technical
barriers in trade necessitates mutual acceptance of test methods.
For example, there is an effort between Euromet and NIST to
develop a publicly available data base, which will contain the
results of international intercomparisons. The results of the past
international intercomparisons of photometric units, including the
illuminance intercomparison just finished last year, were also
overviewed.
ISO/TC6 (J. Zwinkels)
This is a very active committee. A plenary session of ISO/TC6
was held in Cape Town, S.A., Nov. 1997. The main issues discussed
in WG3 (Optical Properties of Paper, Pulp and Board) were:
comparison between NRC and PTB, new authorized laboratories,
liaison with ISO/TC 130, indoor whiteness and ISO-brightness,
gloss measurement at 75° and 20° and instruments for
d/0° and d/8°. Several ISO draft standards were received
for review and comments were given to CIE CB. These documents
were: FDIS 2471 (Paper and board - determination of opacity (paper
backing), FDIS 9416 (Paper - determination of light scattering and
absorption coefficient (using Kubelka-Munk theory), and ISO/DIS
11475 (Paper and Board - CIE whiteness, D65/10°. Comments
included addition of CIE and ISO/CIE standards as normative
references and changes to definitions to conform with ILV.
ICO (F. Hengstberger)
This reportership is closed.
IMEKO (J. Schanda)
This reportership is closed.
IEC TC100 /PT61966 -Colour Measurement and Management in
Multimedia System (Y. Ohno)
Report given by Ohno. He met with H. Ikeda, the chairman of
TC100/PT61966, last November at the Color Imaging Conference in
Scottsdale. Later, the liaison between CIE D2 and TC100/PT61966
was officially established. This is a very active committee with
full use of e-mails and website. The PT (project team) has about
50 members. The PT published a liaison report in January, which
was distributed by D2 Circular Jan/22/98. The PT is developing (or
plans to develop) 11 documents related to color management and
color measurement. Some of the documents are planned to be
ISO/IEC/CIE joint standards. Among them, four draft documents (for
CRT, LCD, Digital camera, and Default RGB space) were posted on
the website (http://www.map.chiba-u.ac.jp/IEC/100/PT61966) for
comments by April 30. This was informed to CIE D2 mailing list by
D2 Circular Mar/19/98 with a request to review these documents.
Many poor descriptions of photometric and radiometric terms and
measurement procedures were found in these documents. Schanda,
Ohno, and Hanson (TC2-42 chair) sent comprehensive comments on
these documents. There was a PT61966 meeting on May 14-15 in
Derby, England, where they discussed these four draft documents.
None of us from CIE could attend it, but Hanson's staff (Chris
Wall) attended this meeting and gave a liaison report on CIE D2 on
our behalf. Many of our comments were adopted.
JTAG2 - ISO/IEC Joint Technical Advisory Group 2 (A.
Robertson)
The report from Robertson was received by Secretary. There was
a JTAG2 meeting in Geneva in January 13-14, 1998. The key parts of
the January JTAG2 minutes are the resolutions supporting the CIE's
current initiative in the field of imaging technology, and the
formation of an ad hoc coordinating committee of which Robertson
is a coordinator. Active discussions by the ad hoc committee
members took place on e-mail for the last several months.
According to the discussions, the most likely development is a new
Division although there is some support for starting things under
the umbrella of Division 1. (Further report on the new CIE
Division is given in Section 12.)
7. Close of TCs and other functions
Technical Committees: TC2-33, TC2-34
Reportership: none closed.
Liaison: ICO and IMEKO
8. New TCs
Per discussion during the TC2-34 report (See 6. Progress
report of Technical Committees), Div. 2 agreed to establish the
following two TCs related to LED measurements. The reason for two
TCs proposed was to publish, as soon as possible, the luminous
intensity part of CIE 127 as CIE/ISO standards without waiting for
many other issues to be discussed for revision of CIE 127.
(1) Title: Measurement of LEDs - Revision of CIE
127
Chair: K. Muray (USA)
TR: Revise CIE Pub. 127 to include improved definitions
of quantities and methods of measurement for total flux and
partial flux of LEDs and to reevaluate other parts including
spectral and color measurements of LEDs.
Initial ML:
Former TC2-34 members, plus, C. Jones, J. Scarangello
(This new TC was approved by the Board in June 1998 as
TC2-45.)
(2) Title: CIE/ISO standards on LED intensity
measurements
Chair: J. Scarangello (USA)
TR: To prepare a CIE/ISO standard on the measurement of
LED intensity measurements based on the CIE Pub. 127.
Initial ML: Former TC2-34 members, plus, C. Jones, A. Bouman
(Netherlands), D. Ellis (USA), K. Bando (Japan).
(This new TC was approved by the Board in June 1998 as
TC2-46.)
G. Xu presented the need for the standardization in
characterizing UV radiometers, and proposed a new technical
committee. Div.2 agreed to establish this TC.
(3) Title: Characterization and Calibration Methods of UV
Radiometers
Chair: Gan Xu (Singapore)
TR: Prepare a CIE recommendation on methods of
characterization and calibration of broad-band UV radiometers in
the spectral ranges of UVA and UVB for industrial
applications.
Initial ML: F. Hengstberger (South Africa), F. Wilkinson
(Australia), R. Lambe (UK), G. Sauter (Germany), R.Rattunde
(Germany), B. Saunders (USA), J. Pietrzykowski (Poland), A.
Corrons (Spain)
(This new TC was approved by the Board in June 1998 as
TC2-47.)
G. Eppeldauer presented a proposal for the following TC. The
main point of his proposal was that there have been many new
detector technologies developed for the last fifteen years, and
the CIE 64 needs to be updated. A need for cooperation with the
above new TC (3) on UV radiometers was noted.
(4) Title: Spectral responsivity measurement of detectors,
radiometers, and photometers.
Chair: G. Eppeldauer
TR: To rewrite the technical report CIE 64 (1984)
"Determination of the spectral responsivity of optical radiation
detectors" to update device and measurement technology, and
include the spectral irradiance responsivity measurement for
radiometers and photometers from UV to near IR.
Initial ML: J. Palmer (USA), G. Sauter (Germany), R. Kohler
(BIPM), R. Rattunde (Germany), J. Pietrzykowski (Poland), A.
Corrons (Spain), G. Dezsi (Hungary), J. Gardner (Australia),
Xu-Gan (Singapore), P. Boivin (Canada), L. Larsen (Denmark), B.
Bauman (USA), T. Larason (USA)
(This new TC was approved by the Board in June 1998 as
TC2-48.)
Y. Ohno proposed the following new TC based on the report
given for R2-17 Aviation Photometry (See 6.2. Reporters). Div. 2
agreed to establish this TC.
(5) Title: Photometry of Flashing Light
Chair: Y. Ohno
TR: Produce a technical report for photometric
measurements of flashing light, including derivation of the
photometric quantities applied to flashing light, measurement of
light sources, and calibration of photometers for flashing
light.
Initial ML: J. Arens (USA), R. Austin (USA), D. Couzin (USA),
D. Ellis (USA), F. Hengstberger (South Africa), H. Kondo (Japan),
R. Rattunde (Germany), G. Sauter (Germany), P. Webb (USA)
(This new TC was approved by the Board in June 98 as
TC2-49.)
9. List of candidates for Division Director
(1999 - 2003)
The Secretary received the following written nominations for
the next Division 2 Director, listed in the order of receiving the
letters.
Teresa Goodman (Great Britain)
Georg Sauter (Germany)
Norbert Johnson (USA)
Further nominations from the attendees were requested, but
there was no further nomination. Based on this listing, there will
be postal voting by the country members within a few months.
10. Future meetings:
Division 2 meetings
1999 CIE Div. 2 will meet in conjunction with the CIE 24th
Session, Warsaw, Poland, starting 23rd of June. Plan a joint
meeting with Div. 1. June 24-26 will be technical sessions, and
June 28-30 for Div./TC meetings.
Div. 2 also agreed to propose a Joint Workshop with Div. 1 in
Warsaw on Measurement of Flashing Light. This workshop may be
scheduled during June 24th -26th.
2000 open. CORM-Rochester and NPL are suggested.
2001 Possibly with CORM in Gaithersburg-NIST 100th
Anniversary.
2002 open.
2003 J. Rennilson has a proposal to invite CIE Quadrennial
Session for San Diego. (Last Session in the U.S. was 1967
Washington DC. )
Other related meetings
1998 International Symposium and Workshop on Measurement of
Optical Radiation Hazards, at NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA,
1-3 September 1998. (Co-sponsored by USACHPPM, NIST, CIE D6, and
ICNIRP)
1999 NEWRAD in Madrid, Spain.
2001 NEWRAD at NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland USA.
AIC in Rochester in the last week of June.
2003 NEWRAD in Sydney, Australia.
11. General
1) Liaison with D6 TCs.
At the last D2 meeting, there was a request from D6 Director
to establish liaison with TC 6-34 (Photobiological lamp safety
standard) and TC 6-45 (Measurement of optical radiation hazard in
work place). AD Goodman to follow up on this issue.
2) NEW CIE Division
The Director reported. As reported in the Circular Jan/22/98,
the discussions at the CIE Expert Symposium on Color Standards on
Imaging Technology in Scottsdale, USA, Nov. 1997, lead to the
recommendation of a new Division in CIE in the area of imaging
technology. ISO/IEC JTAG2 also supported this proposal and
recommended formation of an ad hoc coordinating committee. Active
discussions by the ad hoc committee members, that included CIE BA
members and ISO and IEC committee chairs, took place on e-mail for
the last several months. Robertson is the coordinator of the
ad-hoc committee. Below is further report from Robertson, which
the Secretary reported on his behalf.
According to the discussions by the ad hoc committee, the most
likely development is a new Division although there is some
support for starting things under the umbrella of Division 1.
Three key aspects that should be brought to D2's attention
are:
1. Liaison with existing work (especially in D1 and D2) will
be very important to avoid duplication and to enable experts to
attend all relevant meetings without travelling to many different
places at many different times. Many of us are already forced to
choose between D1 and D2 and if there is a three-way choice each
year, the situation will be worse.
2. It is hoped that much of the new work can be done by
e-mail, reducing the slowness that inevitably comes from waiting
for a physical meeting before taking any action.
3. The CIE Board of Administration is expected to make a
decision on starting the new work at its meeting on June 22-24
this year.
Some opinions from attendees were addressed to oppose the
formation of a new Division. Further opinions on this issue should
be sent to D2 Director who will attend the BA meeting. Div.2,
however, does not foresee much problems in terms of Division
activities because we now have only one or two TCs that are
directly related to color imaging and that may have to move to the
new Division if formed. Div. 1 will be seriously affected.
3) Omega-naught issue
There has been a common problem in several photometry TCs,
discussed over the past a few years, regarding how to express the
equation for the relationship between luminous intensity and
illuminance (the inverse square law). A simple equation I=E d2
appears to leave inconsistency of units; i.e., [lm/sr]
equals [lm]. To solve this problem, some members are
suggesting to use W0 as in, I=E d2 /W0, but others oppose that
[sr] is a dimensionless unit and it need not be worried
about. Schanda is invited to attend the CCU (Comité
Consultatif de Unit) meeting on 8-9, September, 1998, and he
suggests asking for an advice from CCU to resolve this issue.
Div.2 agreed to send an official request to CCT on this issue.
(This action has been approved by CIEBA at the June 98 Board
meeting.)
4) Recognition by CEN
The Director reported that the Central Bureau had a meeting
with CEN for CEN to recognize CIE Standards, and some progress has
been made. There will be a movement from CEN. Discussion will
continue on.
