http://nml.csir.co.za/~cie2/documents/9599QUAD.htm

COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE L'ECLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION
DIVISION 2: PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT AND RADIATION

QUADRENNIAL REPORT 1995-1999

1. TERMS OF REFERENCE

To study standard procedures for the evaluation of UV, visible and IR radiation, global radiation and optical properties of materials and luminaires. To study optical properties and performance of physical detectors and other devices required for this evaluation.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS

F Hengstberger (South Africa) was appointed for a second term as Division Director by the CIE Board at the 1995 CIE Session in New Delhi. He in turn re-appointed the three previous Associate Directors, namely T Goodman (UK) and G Vandermeersch (Belgium) and N Johnson (USA). Although not followed rigidly (with geographic location sometimes overriding the rule), the Associate Directors' responsibilities were divided into Technical Committees dealing with sources and detectors (Goodman), materials (Johnson) and luminaires (Vandermeersch).

Y Ohno (USA) was appointed Division secretary and J Moore (UK) as Division editor.

The following new Technical Committees commenced work during the quadrennium:

TC2-41 "Industrial photometry in developing countries", chairperson: B Bhattacharya (India),

TC2-42 "The colorimetrry of visual displays ", chairperson: A R. Hanson (UK),

TC2-43 "Determination of measurement uncertainties in photometry", chairperson: G Sauter (Germany)

TC2-44 "Vocabulary Matters", chairperson: J R Moore (UK)

TC2-45 "Measurement of LEDs - Revision of CIE 127", chairperson: K Muray (USA),

TC2-46 "CIE/ISO standard on LED intensity measurements", chairperson: J Scarangello (USA),

TC2-47 "Characterization and Calibration Methods of UV Radiometers", chairperson: Gan Xu (Singapore)

TC2-48 "Spectral responsivity measurement of detectors, radiometers, and photometers", G Eppeldauer (USA)

TC2-49 "Photometry of Flashing Lights", Y Ohno (USA)

Dissolved Technical Committees:

TC2-10: "Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires", chairperson: G. Vandermeersch (Belgium),

TC2-11: "Gonioreflectometry of Standard Materials", chairperson: J Hsia (USA),

TC2-22: "Luminous Flux of High-Pressure Sodium Lamps", chairperson: B Garzo (Hungary),

TC2-26: "The Relationship between Digital and Colorimetric Data for Computer-Controlled Color CRT Displays", chairperson: R. Berns (USA),

TC2-31: "Methods of characterizing actinic radiometers", chairperson: Poppe (Hungary),

TC2-33 "Reformulation of CIE Standard Illuminants A and D65 (revision of CIE/ISO 10526)", chairperson: K D Mielenz (USA)

TC2-34 "LED measurements", chairperson: K Muray (USA)

TC2-38: "Flare Photometry", chairperson: F. Denner (South Africa),

There were changes in TC chairpersons in the following Technical Committees:

TC2-24: "Users guide for the selection of illuminance and luminance meters", previous chairperson: J Moore (UK), new chairperson: K. Ganesha (India),

TC2-30: "Diode-array radiometry", previous chairperson: P Wychorski (USA), new chairperson: J Palmer (USA),

TC2-32 "Measuring retroreflectance of wet horizontal road markings", previous chairperson: T Bradshaw (USA), new chairperson: Hodson (USA).

New reporterships were established in the following areas:

R2-17: "Aviation photometry", reporter: Y Ohno (USA)

R2-18: "OIML matters", reporter: G Sauter (Germany)

R2-19: "Emergency lighting luminaires", reporter: L Bedocs (UK)

R2-20: "Vocabulary matters", reporter: J Moore (UK)

R2-21: "Use of detectors as absolute transfer standards for spectroradiometry", reporter: N Fox (UK),

Dissolved reporterships:

R2-15: "Colorimetry of lustre pigments", reporter: Grˆþwang (Austria),

R2-16: "Optical multimeters", reporter: R Distl (Germany),

R2-19: "Emergency lighting luminaires", reporter: L Bedocs (UK),

R2-20: "Vocabulary matters", reporter: J Moore (UK)

Most reporterships were dissolved after producing a report on their subject matter , a few others due to inactivity. The produced reports were either published in the CIE collections or led to the formation of Technical committees.

Changed reporterships:

None.

3. MEETINGS

In order to make the attendance of Division meetings more worthwhile for Division members and consultants, these meetings were scheduled to precede or follow other major conferences and symposia in optical radiometry. A further benefit of such an arrangement is the opportunity to attract new contributors to the Divisional working programme from attendants of the associated event. The following Division meetings were held:

6 November 1995, New Delhi (India) - during the 23^rd CIE quadrennial session,

31 August 1996, Vienna (Austria) - in conjunction with the Division 6 meeting,

4 September 1997, Durban (South Africa - in conjunction with an International Conference on Lighting in Developing Countries and meetings of Divisions 3, 4, 6 and 7. A joint meeting with Division 4 was held to discuss matters of common concern,

19 May 1998, Boulder (USA) - in conjunction with CORM98.

4. TECHNICAL REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS

The following CIE Technical Reports were published:

Publication CIE 121-1996, "The Photometry and Goniophotometry of Luminaires",

Publication CIE 122-1996, "The Relationship Between Digital and Colorimetric Data for Computer - Controlled CRT Displays",

Publication CIE 127-1997, "Measurement of LEDs",

Publication CIE 130-1998, "Practical Methods for the Measurement of Reflectance and Transmittance".

The following CIE Standards were published:

CIE Standard S005/E-1998, "CIE Standard Illuminants for Colorimetry".

The report of TC2-22 "Luminous Flux of High-Pressure Sodium Lamps" has been completed in 1997 and will be published in one of the next CIE Collections.

5. INTERNATIONAL LIAISONS

Liaisons were maintained with the following international organizations:

Comite Consultativ de Photometrie et Radiometrie (CCPR) - R Kˆhler (BIPM),

IEC TC34A on lamps - G Vandermeersch (Belgium),

IEC TC 34D on luminaires - G Vandermeersch (Belgium),

IEC TC100 on Audio, Video and Multimedia Systems and Equipment - Y Ohno (USA),

IEC/ISO JTAG2: Joint Technical Advisory Group 2 - Y Ohno (USA),

ISO TC6 SC2 on optical properties of paper and pulp - J Zwinkels (Canada),

ISO TC160 SC2 WG 2 on glass in buildings, light & energy transfer - J Hsia (USA),

ISO TC180 SC1 on solar energy/climate - measurement and data - D Kockot (Germany).

6. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE WORK IN PROGRESS

TC NAME STATUS

2-04 Secondary standard sources

(J Moore, UK)

The greater part of the report has been completed for some time. Objections were made in Durban relating to planned photographs and illustrations, which might be able to be identified. Increasing the number of different types of lamps illustrated may solve this. Chairman planned to circulate for TC ballot at the end of June 1998. No further progress report since

2-16 Characterization of the performance of tristimulous colorimeters.

(M Rastello, Italy)

Report given by P. Soardo at a TC meeting for Rastello on May 18th 1998 in Boulder with about 30 participants. The fourth draft (changes marked on the third draft) was distributed and discussed. Suggested changes were to be compiled by the chairperson for a fifth draft, which was tol be distributed before the Warsaw Session when the next TC meeting is planned.

2-17 Recommendation for integrated irradiance and spectral distribution of simulated solar radiation.

(D Kockot, Germany)

The draft document 'Solar simulators for testing purposes' was circulated to all D2 members for comments following the Durban meeting, to ensure a wide range of applications was considered. This has generated some response and the chairman was to prepare a revised draft.

2-19 Measurement of the spectral coefficient of retroreflection.

(N Johnson, USA)

The TC document is mostly finished. Some data are to be included in the document. The chairman planned to send the final draft for TC voting by Warsaw Session. Further TC meetings were not planned.

2-23 Photometry of street-lighting luminaires. (G Vandermeersch, Belgium)

Work was to be started by the chairman after completion of the work of TC2-10. No report on further progress so far.

2-24 Users Guide for the selection of

illuminance meters.

(K Ganesha, India)

The chairman prepared a draft outline but needs some data to be collected from the users at large. He has prepared a questionnaire for wide circulation and has been mailing this along with a brief note on the need for the guidelines, a copy of a paper presented by him in the ISLE Symposium in New Delhi in Jan. 1997. The program was intended to proceed according to a strict time schedule requesting every member to respond by a given date. The chairman hoped to complete this work by the Warsaw Session.

2-25 Calibration methods and photo- luminescent standards for total radiance factor measurements.

(J Zwinkels, Canada)

The TC last met May 6, 1999 in Vancouver, in conjunction with the Inter-Society Color Council meeting. Five TC members and 2 observers were in attendance. The eighth draft of the TC report was distributed and discussed. Figures have been added and equation, table and figure numbering have been edited to conform with CIE guidelines. Remaining action items are some minor revisions to the text and to re-group the references at the end of the document. The revised document (ninth draft) will be circulated for TC ballot.

2-28 Methods of characterizing spectrophoto- meters.

(J Verrill, UK)

The third draft was circulated to TC members in April 1998. The text completed by the chairman and figures and references have been added. It is expected that there will be one more draft before voting and then a 5th draft for the vote, which should be completed before Warsaw.

2-29 Measurement of detector linearity.

(T Goodman, UK)

A brief TC meeting was held on 18 May 1998 to summarize current status and request additional inputs by the end of June in order for the third draft to be prepared for circulation in early November. Comments on the third draft were to be requested by the end of the year.

2-30 Diode-array radiometry

J Palmer (USA)

The previous chairman, Wychorski, has resigned due to his increasing work load. But, he was present at the Boulder Division meeting, and gave a report. The document is currently the 4th draft, having 78 pages in 3 sections. None of them is copyrighted. A small part of the document is not complete. There is also a separate database file with about 800 entries of references. This data base is copy-righted, and payment is needed for use. About 1/3 of the references are in the written document which is not copy-righted.. There were discussions, and Div.2 agreed to publish the document in the CIE Collection at the end of the year.After the D2 meeting, James Palmer (Univ. Arizona, USA) agreed to take over the chairmanship to finish up the document for publication.

2-32 Measuring retroreflectance of wet horizontal road markings.

(Hodson, USA)

A chairman, Hodson, has taken over the TC. The TC met on May 18th 1998 in Boulder with 11 participants. The partial draft document was distributed and discussed. The TC is looking for new members who have expertise in rain simulation and visibility pavement marking. The TC planned to meet again in October 1998 in conjunction with the Div. 4 meeting in Bath, England, hopefully to attract Div.4 people. The TC also planned to meet in Warsaw in 1999.

2-35 CIE standard for V(lambda) and V'(lambda).

(K Mielenz, USA)

There was a problem of the document status interfering with the competence of CCPR. Sauter had a discussion with the CCPR president, and in January 1998, sent to the chairman suggested changes to the document to solve this problem. The chairman is working to revise the document, once again, to respond to Sauter's comments as well as many other comments he received from other members. The document will go through a further vote.

2-36 Revision of CIE publication 54: retro- reflection.

(J Rennilson, USA)

There was a TC vote on the 11^th draft, but a 12^th draft was prepared and voted on again. It is hoped that the TC meeting in Warsaw will be the final one.

2-37 Photometry using detectors as transfer standards.

(Y Ohno, USA)

The TC had a short meeting in Boulder with 38 participants including 13 members. The fifth draft was distributed and discussed. The new draft was previously distributed to the members in April. The draft is complete except for correcting some wording and bringing consistency in usage of a few terms. The ₀ issue will wait for an advice from the CCU. The chairman planned to send out the sixth draft for the TC ballot before Warsaw.

2-39 Geometric tolerances for colorimetry. (D Rich, USA)

The Committee met for the fourth time on May 18th 1998 in Boulder. Four Committee members and six guests were present.Tthe chairman was to prepare a draft of the final report and distribute the draft to committee members for comment. NIST and 3M have volunteered to supply some measurement data on standard materials to verify the effect of tightening the tolerances. The TC planned to meet at Warsaw in 1999.

2-40 CIE standard: Characterizing the

performance of illuminance and luminance meters.

(Rattunde, Germany)

The TC had a successful meeting in Boulder with 35 participants. It discussed the second draft which was circulated in March 1998. There were active discussions with many comments from the attendees. The TC added some new members. The chairman requested the attendees to send further comments on the draft within a few months. A third draft was to be prepared for discussion at Warsaw Session.

2-41 Industrial photometry in developing countries.

B Bhattacharya (India)

No report received from the chairman at the Boulder meeting. This TC was established in 1995. If no progress is made by the 1999 D2 meeting, this TC may be closed.

2-42 The colorimetry of visual displays.

A Hanson (UK)

An outline of the structure of the proposed report was discussed a the Expert Symposium on Color Standards for Imaging Technology in Scottsdale in Nov. 1997. The chairman is also taking care to coordinate the work of this TC with activities in the IEC.

2-43 Determination of measurement uncertainties in photometry.

G Sauter (Germany)

The TC met for the first time in Boulder with about 35 participants. The first draft, distributed in April, was discussed. There were active discussions on the structure of the document. There were suggestions for the document to start with a part with more plain descriptions for photometry practitioners, followed by the rigorous mathematical procedures as given in the current draft. Based on the discussions, the next draft will be prepared for the second meeting in Warsaw. The minutes of the TC meeting was distributed by e-mail on June 25, 1998)

2-44 Vocabulary matters.

J Moore (UK)

A letter is being sent to members asking them to give their views on changes that they would like to see made to existing definitions in the International Lighting Vocabulary and on new terms that should be introduced. The new ILV will certainly incorporate the new definitions agreed by Division 2 which appear in the CIE Collection on Photometry and Radiometry, Publication CIE 114-1994. These include precise new definitions for distribution temperature and ratio temperature as well as the terminology relating to non-selective detectors.

2-45 Measurement of LEDs - Revision of CIE 127.

K Muray (USA)

Had a TC meeting in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, on May 3, 1999. First draft (partial) was presented and discussed.

2-46 CIE/ISO standard on LED intensity measurements.

J Scarangello (USA)

Had a TC meeting in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, on May 3, 1999. First draft was presented and discussed

2-47 Characterisation and calibration methods of UV radiometers.

Gan Xu (Singapore)

Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.

2-48 Spectral responsivity measurement of detectors, radiometers and photometers.

G Eppeldauer (USA)

Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.

2-49 Photometry of flashing lights.

Y Ohno (USA)

Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.

7. REPORTERSHIPS IN PROGRESS

NUMBER TITLE STATUS

2-05 Visual Gloss.

J Taylor (UK)

Work is underway in several countries on the

measurement of 'appearance' and a watching brief is being kept to see whether the situation changes. The reporter is to get information from NIST and ASTM subcommittee on appearance: E12-14.

2-06 Standardization of Measuring Geometry for the Colorimetry of Metallic Coatings C McCamy, USA

The reporter presented the current status at the Boulder meeting. No need for a TC yet.

2-09 Absolute Cryogenic Radiometers.

A. Parr, USA

Many national labs now use cryogenic radiometers. In the U.S., they are used also by commercial sector for space applications. There is a need for a guide on utilization of these devices. The reporter is starting to think about a

new TC. A longer report will be prepared for Warsaw with a proposed TR and an outline of the document.

2-21 Use of detectors as absolute transfer standards for spectroradiometry.

N. Fox, Great Britain

New techniques are being investigated at NPL and elsewhere, but are not yet sufficiently well-developed to warrant

establishment of a TC. The situation will continue to be monitored.

2-22 Implementation of Photometric Units.

R. Kˆhler, BIPM

This reportership was established in 1997 to study the need for a document to guide future implementation of photometric units for non-V(l) functions. This was proposed by Moore in Durban, but Div. 2 did not decide to establish a TC then. The reportership is continued for the time being to watch the situation, contacting Div. 1 also.

8. DIVISION WEBSITE AND COMMUNICATIONS

During the quadrennium the Division website was expanded to the extent that most Division documents, reports, membership lists, contact details and circulars are readily available to Division members worldwide at any time. The web site is hosted on the webserver of the National Metrology Laboratory (NML) of South Africa at

http://nml.csir.co.za/~cie2

The high quality of communications with Division members and the website development are mainly due to the commitment and hard work of the Division secretary, Dr Yoshi Ohno, without whose input the Division could not have maintained the level of activity it achieved.

F Hengstberger (Divison Director)
June 1999

2-04 Secondary standard sources (J Moore, UK)	The greater part of the report has been completed for some time. Objections were made in Durban relating to planned photographs and illustrations, which might be able to be identified. Increasing the number of different types of lamps illustrated may solve this. Chairman planned to circulate for TC ballot at the end of June 1998. No further progress report since
2-16 Characterization of the performance of tristimulous colorimeters. (M Rastello, Italy)	Report given by P. Soardo at a TC meeting for Rastello on May 18th 1998 in Boulder with about 30 participants. The fourth draft (changes marked on the third draft) was distributed and discussed. Suggested changes were to be compiled by the chairperson for a fifth draft, which was tol be distributed before the Warsaw Session when the next TC meeting is planned.
2-17 Recommendation for integrated irradiance and spectral distribution of simulated solar radiation. (D Kockot, Germany)	The draft document 'Solar simulators for testing purposes' was circulated to all D2 members for comments following the Durban meeting, to ensure a wide range of applications was considered. This has generated some response and the chairman was to prepare a revised draft.
2-19 Measurement of the spectral coefficient of retroreflection. (N Johnson, USA)	The TC document is mostly finished. Some data are to be included in the document. The chairman planned to send the final draft for TC voting by Warsaw Session. Further TC meetings were not planned.
2-23 Photometry of street-lighting luminaires. (G Vandermeersch, Belgium)	Work was to be started by the chairman after completion of the work of TC2-10. No report on further progress so far.
2-24 Users Guide for the selection of illuminance meters. (K Ganesha, India)	The chairman prepared a draft outline but needs some data to be collected from the users at large. He has prepared a questionnaire for wide circulation and has been mailing this along with a brief note on the need for the guidelines, a copy of a paper presented by him in the ISLE Symposium in New Delhi in Jan. 1997. The program was intended to proceed according to a strict time schedule requesting every member to respond by a given date. The chairman hoped to complete this work by the Warsaw Session.
2-25 Calibration methods and photo- luminescent standards for total radiance factor measurements. (J Zwinkels, Canada)	The TC last met May 6, 1999 in Vancouver, in conjunction with the Inter-Society Color Council meeting. Five TC members and 2 observers were in attendance. The eighth draft of the TC report was distributed and discussed. Figures have been added and equation, table and figure numbering have been edited to conform with CIE guidelines. Remaining action items are some minor revisions to the text and to re-group the references at the end of the document. The revised document (ninth draft) will be circulated for TC ballot.
2-28 Methods of characterizing spectrophoto- meters. (J Verrill, UK)	The third draft was circulated to TC members in April 1998. The text completed by the chairman and figures and references have been added. It is expected that there will be one more draft before voting and then a 5th draft for the vote, which should be completed before Warsaw.
2-29 Measurement of detector linearity. (T Goodman, UK)	A brief TC meeting was held on 18 May 1998 to summarize current status and request additional inputs by the end of June in order for the third draft to be prepared for circulation in early November. Comments on the third draft were to be requested by the end of the year.
2-30 Diode-array radiometry J Palmer (USA)	The previous chairman, Wychorski, has resigned due to his increasing work load. But, he was present at the Boulder Division meeting, and gave a report. The document is currently the 4th draft, having 78 pages in 3 sections. None of them is copyrighted. A small part of the document is not complete. There is also a separate database file with about 800 entries of references. This data base is copy-righted, and payment is needed for use. About 1/3 of the references are in the written document which is not copy-righted.. There were discussions, and Div.2 agreed to publish the document in the CIE Collection at the end of the year.After the D2 meeting, James Palmer (Univ. Arizona, USA) agreed to take over the chairmanship to finish up the document for publication.
2-32 Measuring retroreflectance of wet horizontal road markings. (Hodson, USA)	A chairman, Hodson, has taken over the TC. The TC met on May 18th 1998 in Boulder with 11 participants. The partial draft document was distributed and discussed. The TC is looking for new members who have expertise in rain simulation and visibility pavement marking. The TC planned to meet again in October 1998 in conjunction with the Div. 4 meeting in Bath, England, hopefully to attract Div.4 people. The TC also planned to meet in Warsaw in 1999.
2-35 CIE standard for V(lambda) and V'(lambda). (K Mielenz, USA)	There was a problem of the document status interfering with the competence of CCPR. Sauter had a discussion with the CCPR president, and in January 1998, sent to the chairman suggested changes to the document to solve this problem. The chairman is working to revise the document, once again, to respond to Sauter's comments as well as many other comments he received from other members. The document will go through a further vote.
2-36 Revision of CIE publication 54: retro- reflection. (J Rennilson, USA)	There was a TC vote on the 11^th draft, but a 12^th draft was prepared and voted on again. It is hoped that the TC meeting in Warsaw will be the final one.
2-37 Photometry using detectors as transfer standards. (Y Ohno, USA)	The TC had a short meeting in Boulder with 38 participants including 13 members. The fifth draft was distributed and discussed. The new draft was previously distributed to the members in April. The draft is complete except for correcting some wording and bringing consistency in usage of a few terms. The ₀ issue will wait for an advice from the CCU. The chairman planned to send out the sixth draft for the TC ballot before Warsaw.
2-39 Geometric tolerances for colorimetry. (D Rich, USA)	The Committee met for the fourth time on May 18th 1998 in Boulder. Four Committee members and six guests were present.Tthe chairman was to prepare a draft of the final report and distribute the draft to committee members for comment. NIST and 3M have volunteered to supply some measurement data on standard materials to verify the effect of tightening the tolerances. The TC planned to meet at Warsaw in 1999.
2-40 CIE standard: Characterizing the performance of illuminance and luminance meters. (Rattunde, Germany)	The TC had a successful meeting in Boulder with 35 participants. It discussed the second draft which was circulated in March 1998. There were active discussions with many comments from the attendees. The TC added some new members. The chairman requested the attendees to send further comments on the draft within a few months. A third draft was to be prepared for discussion at Warsaw Session.
2-41 Industrial photometry in developing countries. B Bhattacharya (India)	No report received from the chairman at the Boulder meeting. This TC was established in 1995. If no progress is made by the 1999 D2 meeting, this TC may be closed.
2-42 The colorimetry of visual displays. A Hanson (UK)	An outline of the structure of the proposed report was discussed a the Expert Symposium on Color Standards for Imaging Technology in Scottsdale in Nov. 1997. The chairman is also taking care to coordinate the work of this TC with activities in the IEC.
2-43 Determination of measurement uncertainties in photometry. G Sauter (Germany)	The TC met for the first time in Boulder with about 35 participants. The first draft, distributed in April, was discussed. There were active discussions on the structure of the document. There were suggestions for the document to start with a part with more plain descriptions for photometry practitioners, followed by the rigorous mathematical procedures as given in the current draft. Based on the discussions, the next draft will be prepared for the second meeting in Warsaw. The minutes of the TC meeting was distributed by e-mail on June 25, 1998)
2-44 Vocabulary matters. J Moore (UK)	A letter is being sent to members asking them to give their views on changes that they would like to see made to existing definitions in the International Lighting Vocabulary and on new terms that should be introduced. The new ILV will certainly incorporate the new definitions agreed by Division 2 which appear in the CIE Collection on Photometry and Radiometry, Publication CIE 114-1994. These include precise new definitions for distribution temperature and ratio temperature as well as the terminology relating to non-selective detectors.
2-45 Measurement of LEDs - Revision of CIE 127. K Muray (USA)	Had a TC meeting in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, on May 3, 1999. First draft (partial) was presented and discussed.
2-46 CIE/ISO standard on LED intensity measurements. J Scarangello (USA)	Had a TC meeting in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, on May 3, 1999. First draft was presented and discussed
2-47 Characterisation and calibration methods of UV radiometers. Gan Xu (Singapore)	Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.
2-48 Spectral responsivity measurement of detectors, radiometers and photometers. G Eppeldauer (USA)	Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.
2-49 Photometry of flashing lights. Y Ohno (USA)	Established at the Boulder meeting. Approved by Board in 6/98.